The constant decrease in the general price level is called ...

Cost-push, which is an increase in the cost of production.

H: shows a relationship between inflation and unemployment.

Two effects of inflationary expectations on producers are:

1. Uncertainty: producers struggle to plan and invest because they cannot predict future price levels. If they expect selling prices to rise, they may raise output now to benefit from higher future profits.
2. Squeezed profits: if input costs rise faster than selling prices, profits fall, forcing producers to cut costs or reduce production, which affects jobs.

Headline inflation

It is based on the CPI for urban areas without any adjustment.

E: a measure of the rate of change in prices of products as they leave the factory.

Export earnings cause demand-pull inflation in two ways:

1. Growth in trading partners' economies raises demand for locally produced goods and services.
2. Higher export volumes add income to the economy, which increases aggregate demand and pushes prices up.