If it is further given that \(f(x) = -x^3 + x^2 + x + 2\): Determine the coordinates of the turning points of \(f\).
About this question
Question 8.2.1 of Mathematics Grade 12 Paper 1, NSC Examination (DBE, November 2022). It tests the Term 2 ATP topic Differential Calculus.
- TermTerm 2
- ATP topicDifferential Calculus
- PaperPaper 1
- Marks3 marks for the method (formula and substitution) and the correct final answer
The graph of \(y = f'(x) = mx^2 + nx + k\) is drawn. It passes through the points \(P\left(-\frac{1}{3}\,;\,0\right)\), \(Q(1\,;\,0)\) and \(R(0\,;\,1)\).
Diagram: a downward (concave down) parabola cutting the \(x\)-axis at \(P\left(-\frac{1}{3}\,;\,0\right)\) and \(Q(1\,;\,0)\) and the \(y\)-axis at \(R(0\,;\,1)\), with its maximum point between R and Q.
Turning points where \(f'(x) = 0\): \(x = -\frac{1}{3}\) or \(x = 1\) (the \(x\)-intercepts of \(f'\))
\[f\left(-\frac{1}{3}\right) = \frac{1}{27} + \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{3} + 2 = \frac{49}{27}\]\[f(1) = -1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 3\]\(\left(-\frac{1}{3}\,;\,\frac{49}{27}\right)\) and \((1\,;\,3)\)
Other points that earn marks
- \(\frac{49}{27} \approx 1{,}81\) is also accepted.
More Questions On Differential Calculus
Shifting \(f\) by \(k\) units vertically moves \(A\) to \(y = 9 + k\), \(B\) to \(y = 8 + k\) and \(C\) to \(y = 7 + k\).
For three \(x\)-intercepts the maximum must be above the \(x\)-axis and the minimum below it:
\[9 + k \gt 0 \text{ and } 8 + k \lt 0\]For all three to be positive the \(y\)-intercept must be below the \(x\)-axis: \(7 + k \lt 0\) (already true when \(8 + k \lt 0\)).
\(-9 \lt k \lt -8\)
\(g'(x) = -5x^{\frac{3}{2}} + 6x^{\frac{1}{2}} - x^{-\frac{1}{2}}\)
\(f'(x) = -12x\)
\(x = -1\) (this is M) or \(x = \frac{5}{3}\)
\[f\left(\frac{5}{3}\right) = \left(\frac{5}{3}\right)^3 - \left(\frac{5}{3}\right)^2 - 5\left(\frac{5}{3}\right) - 3 = -\frac{256}{27}\]\(N\left(\frac{5}{3}\,;\,-\frac{256}{27}\right)\) or \(N(1{,}67\,;\,-9{,}48)\)
Divide \(f\) by \((x - 2)\):
\[f(x) = (x - 2)(x^2 - 6x - 7) = (x - 2)(x - 7)(x + 1)\]\(x\)-intercepts: \(A(-1\,;\,0)\), \(B(2\,;\,0)\), \(C(7\,;\,0)\)
The product is negative when \(f\) and \(f''\) have opposite signs:
\(f''(x) \lt 0\) for \(x \lt \frac{8}{3}\) and \(f(x) \gt 0\) for \(-1 \lt x \lt 2\)
\(f''(x) \gt 0\) for \(x \gt \frac{8}{3}\) and \(f(x) \lt 0\) for \(2 \lt x \lt 7\)
\(-1 \lt x \lt 2\) or \(\frac{8}{3} \lt x \lt 7\)
Write each term as a power of \(x\):
\[\frac{-6x^{\frac{1}{3}} + 2}{x^4} = -6x^{-\frac{11}{3}} + 2x^{-4}\]\[D_x = -6\left(-\frac{11}{3}\right)x^{-\frac{14}{3}} + 2(-4)x^{-5}\]\(= 22x^{-\frac{14}{3}} - 8x^{-5}\)
