Life Orientation Grade 12 NSC October 2020 Questions and Answers

B: arise from trying to overcome self-doubt.

Intrapersonal conflict is conflict inside yourself, such as a struggle between your doubts and what you want to do. It does not come mainly from outside (A), and it is not always intense (C) or only negative (D).

D: transparent decision-making processes and access to information.

In a democracy the government must be open and accountable, and citizens have the right to information. Citizens do not have to accept the ruling party's views (A), and equality must not depend on social status (C).

Mnemonics.

A mnemonic is a memory aid that links new information to something easy to recall, such as a rhyme or an acronym.

Different knowledge perspectives (also accepted: ideologies, worldviews, beliefs, views).

People interpret the same information differently because of their background, culture and experiences.

Affirmative action (also accepted: redress, employment equity).

The Employment Equity Act uses affirmative action measures to give designated groups fair access to jobs and promotion.

Social well-being (also accepted: being socially healthy).

Social well-being means having positive, supportive relationships with the people around you.

Two ways in which young people could be empowered to address racial discrimination in their school environment are:

1. They could be educated on the harmful effects that racist remarks and actions have on people of all races.
2. They could take part in awareness campaigns, debates and role plays that challenge racial discrimination at school.

Low-impact exercises put less strain on the knees, ankles and feet, so the risk of injuries such as sprains and strains is much lower.

When one worker does not do their share, co-workers have to take on the extra workload, which creates friction and conflict in the team.

Three interpretations from the data in the graph about the dropout rate of first-year students are:

1. The dropout rate of first-year students increased every year between 2015 and 2018, showing an upward trend.
2. The dropout rate was lowest in 2015 (11%) and highest in 2018 (31%).
3. Overall the dropout rate rose by about 20 percentage points over the four years.

Note: simply listing the percentage for each year earns no marks.

Many first-year students struggle to balance their academic work and their new social life, so they cannot cope with the transition from school to tertiary study and end up dropping out.

An intervention programme is a planned action that deals with a specific, serious problem in a community in order to improve the situation.

Two ways in which I as an activist could get community members to participate in such programmes are:

1. I could educate community members about the aims and benefits of the programme.
2. I could make the activities enjoyable by adding games, competitions or small rewards.

When everyone accepts responsibility, people understand the environmental problems in their area better and can work together to find solutions, which keeps the community cleaner and safer.

Working together on a campaign builds social cohesion and a sense of community, so members are more united and stand together on issues that affect all of them.

Two possible reasons why some people do not want to engage in intervention campaigns in their communities are:

1. Some people do not realise how serious the problem is, so they ignore it and hope it will simply go away on its own.
2. Others feel that the problem does not affect them directly or that they did not cause it, so they believe it is not their responsibility to help solve it.

Two innovative strategies to help the younger generation in your household to sustain a clean and healthy environment are:

1. Set up a recycling system at home and show the younger children how to sort the waste, because doing it themselves makes the habit easy to keep up and teaches them that recycling protects the environment.
2. Take them with you to sell recyclable material for cash, or give them small rewards for recycling, because seeing a real benefit motivates them to carry on.

Three reasons why the use of electronic media has become increasingly important in a democratic society are:

1. It gives citizens instant access to breaking news and up-to-date information.
2. It educates citizens about their democratic rights so they can make informed decisions.
3. It quickly exposes corruption and human rights violations.

The school could draw up a clear social media policy and apply it consistently to all learners, so learners know the consequences of breaking the rules and are discouraged from misusing social media.

The owners and sponsors of a media platform can influence what is covered, because editors may focus on topics that interest or benefit the people who fund them.

Two ways in which an addiction to social media could negatively influence the social skills of the youth are:

1. Young people who are addicted to social media tend to isolate themselves, which leads to a breakdown in communication with their family and friends in real life.
2. They have fewer chances to practise face-to-face verbal and non-verbal communication, so they lack confidence and feel awkward when they have to socialise in person.

Two ways in which posting or forwarding offensive material on electronic media may affect you are:

1. People in the offensive messages or images could open a legal case against you, so you could be charged or sued for defamation and have to pay high legal costs.
2. Many employers check the social media profiles of applicants, so offensive posts or a criminal record could seriously harm your chances of getting a job.

Three ways in which social pressure could be regarded as a stressor for young people in their family relationships are:

1. Social pressure becomes a stressor when friends push young people to act against the values and beliefs their family raised them with.
2. Friends may pressure them to spend more time with friends than with family, which causes tension at home.
3. Family members may pressure young people to perform better at school or in sport, or to take sides between parents.

Three ways in which building and sustaining good relationships may impact positively on your emotional well-being are:

1. Good relationships make you feel valued and respected, which builds your self-worth and a sense of belonging, so you do not feel socially isolated.
2. Supportive people help you cope better with difficult feelings such as anger, grief or frustration, so you stay hopeful about the future.
3. Positive relationships increase your self-confidence, which helps you think positively about yourself and deal better with inner conflict.

Two conflict resolution strategies I could implement to resist negative social pressure from my friends in a responsible way are:

1. I would communicate assertively by using 'I' statements to say clearly what I am not comfortable with. This lets my friends know exactly where I stand, and in that way I protect my right to make my own choices without being bullied into something I do not want to do.
2. I would suggest alternatives when my friends propose something I disagree with. This takes the pressure off me without starting a fight, and because we agree on a solution together, nobody can make me feel guilty and my right to dignity is respected.

Three skills that some Grade 12 school leavers may lack when entering the job market are:

1. Some school leavers lack critical and creative thinking and problem-solving skills.
2. Many lack soft skills such as effective verbal and written communication and teamwork.
3. Others do not have the digital and technological skills, such as coding or data analysis, that the modern workplace needs.

Three ways in which research on work and study opportunities could assist you to make informed decisions about post-school destinations are:

1. Research shows you work and study opportunities you did not know about, which gives you a wider range of options to choose from within and across career fields.
2. It tells you about the admission requirements, costs and financial aid options such as bursaries and NSFAS, so you can plan properly and follow through with your post-school plans.
3. It helps you know what to expect in the next phase of your life, so you are better prepared to cope with the change from school to work or study.

Two practical ways in which I could use a career portfolio to convince an employer that I am a suitable candidate for the job are:

1. I could include evidence of real work experience gained through volunteering, job shadowing or part-time work. This shows the employer that my knowledge is practical and not only theory, and I would be an asset because the company would not need to spend much money training me.
2. I could include certificates of my achievements in sport, leadership, academics or cultural activities. This shows that I am a well-rounded person, and I would be an asset because I can adapt and work well with people in a diverse organisation.

Three ways in which a sedentary lifestyle could lead to ill health are:

1. A sedentary lifestyle slows down your metabolism and causes excessive weight gain, which can lead to obesity.
2. It causes plaque to build up in the arteries, which strains the heart.
3. It can harm your mental well-being and lead to depression.

Three factors influencing the current eating habits of young people which could contribute to obesity are:

1. There are more fast-food outlets and online delivery services than ever, which makes it very easy for young people to eat unhealthy food often.
2. The media constantly advertises fast food in an attractive way, so young people are drawn to these foods instead of healthy meals.
3. Busy parents often do not have time to cook nutritious meals, so young people do not get balanced meals and turn to junk food.

Two ways in which higher education institutions could assist first-year students to commit to long-term engagement in physical activities are:

1. Institutions could give students free or low-cost access to a campus gym. This lets them try different fitness activities on a regular basis, and as a result they are more likely to commit to fitness goals and live a healthier, more active lifestyle.
2. Institutions could host inter-faculty and inter-varsity sports competitions in which all first-year students take part. This motivates students to improve and maintain their fitness, so they keep exercising throughout their studies and stay physically and mentally healthy.