What do you call a person who reports illegal activities in any sector of society?

Public institutions must be open and fair about how they spend money and appoint people, so that the public can see what is happening and any dishonest dealings can be picked up and stopped.

Two ways in which fraud and corruption have badly affected the lives of ordinary South Africans are:

1. Fraud and corruption cause huge financial losses, because money meant for housing, water, schools and clinics ends up in private pockets. As a result, ordinary people receive poor service delivery and lose trust in the government and its institutions.
2. Corruption damages South Africa's reputation and scares away investors. With fewer investors, fewer businesses are started or expanded, so there are fewer jobs and unemployment rises.

Two ways in which your community can combat corruption are:

1. The community can run education and awareness programmes on people's rights and on the legal procedures for reporting corruption, so that residents can no longer be tricked into paying bribes by corrupt officials.
2. The community can demand accountability and transparency from local government, for example by asking for public spending to be published and questioned at community meetings, so that officials know their actions are being watched.

Cronyism.

Cronyism is a form of corruption where friends are appointed instead of the best-qualified people. When the favour goes to family members it is called nepotism.

Three possible consequences that corruption may have on a person's career are:

1. A person involved in corruption may be fired or sent to prison, which can bring their career to an end.
2. Their reputation will be damaged, so other employers will not trust them and they may struggle to find work again.
3. Even if they keep their job, they may be overlooked for promotion, which holds back their professional growth.

Two practical ways in which the local community could help prevent the mismanagement of public funds by municipalities are:

1. Community members should attend the quarterly ward meetings where financial reports are discussed. This gives them insight into how money is spent, and the information can be used as proof to demand action against wasteful expenditure.
2. Residents should submit petitions to the municipal manager about officials who misuse funds. This puts formal pressure on the municipality to act, so financial policies and laws are applied and offenders are held accountable.