Yintoni iDrama? – ngesiXhosa
- IDrama luhlobo loncwadi olubhalwe ngenjongo yokubonisa okanye ukulinganiswa eqongeni kungenjalo kwithiyetha. Iingcali zesiXhosa zithi idrama le yahluke kolunye uncwadi kuba ibali layo likwazi ukwenzeka phambi kwababukeli lilinganiswa ngabantu ukusuka ekuqaleni lide liye ekupheleni.
- Abalinganiswa bayo nabo bayazithethela ngokwabo, intshukumo idalwa ngabo.
- Abalinganiswa basebenzisa intetho-ngqo.
- Incoko phakathi kwabalinganiswa ababini nangaphezulu ithi idale ingxoxo. Ukuze intshukumo yedrama inike umdla, kufuneka ifezeke, isiganeko ngasinye sikhokelele kwesinye.
Iindidi ZeDrama
IDrama iziindidi ngeendidi ezizezi:
Intlekele (Tragedy)
- Zonke iziganeko ezehlayo zimanyumnyezi kwaye zihambisa umzimba.
- Kukho ukudandatheka komphefumlo kubalinganiswa ngakumbi ophambili.
- Imeko ilusizi ukuqala ekuqaleni kwebali lide liyokuphela.
- Kukho umoya wonxunguphalo.
- Abalinganiswa bakwimo emandla yoxinzelelo, baphela bephambana, bebulalana okanye bezibulala.
- Abalinganiswa ngakumbi oyintloko uba phantsi konxinzeleko olukhulu.
- Umfundi okanye umbukeli uxhalabile kuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba kuza kwenzekani emva koku (suspense) lide liphele ibali.
- Iziganeko zizisa inkxalabo noloyiko.
- Umlinganiswa uba nesikhwasilima esiza kubangela ukuwa kwakhe (downfall).
- Isiphelo sibi kakhulu ngakumbi kumlinganiswa othandwayo nosizelwayo, umlinganiswa ophambili.
- Lo ngumdlalo onesiphelo esilusizi, ekuthi kubekho umntu ofayo.
Enye Inkcazelo NgeDrama
- Yincwadi apho abalinganiswa bezithethela ngokwabo, oko kubonakala kwindlela ebhalwe ngayo.
Isiyoliso (Comedy)
- Lo mdlalo uyonwabisa.
- Iziganeko eziqhubekayo ziyahlekisa.
- Kunyenjwa nje umntu othile ukuze atyhafe ayekelele.
- Incoko ikhaphukhaphu yaye ingangawo nawuphi na umbandela wentlalo.
- Abalinganiswa bayaqhulana beqakathisana ngenjongo yokonwabisa.
- Izagwelo zininzi impoxo ibaxekile nobaxo/ubabazo lukangako.
- Isiphelo sihle siyancumisa/simnandi/umoya ukhululekile.
Iintlobo Zesiyoliso
- Eyezimo zabalinganiswa (Comedy of Character):
- Ijolise kwizimo zabalinganiswa.
- Umlinganiswa uba nophawu oluthile olumenza izinto azibone/azenze ngendlela ethile.
- Iba lolo phawu lubalaseleyo kuye olumenza izenzo zakhe zihambe ngohlobo oluthile, umzekelo: abe nomsindo okokoko, okanye asoloko esoyika ukwenzakaliswa, okanye asoloko ehleba, okanye abe nomona ongummangaliso njalo njalo.
- Yonke ke into yakhe iya kulawulwa lolu phawu lunye naphantsi kwayo yonke imeko.
- Isiyoliso Seziphoso (Comedy of Errors):
- Kolu hlobo isakhiwo esi somdlalo sihlohlwe iintlobo ngeentlobo zeziphoso neempazamo kwizinto ezenzekayo. Umzekelo: Umntu othile aphazanyiswe nomnye, isenzo esithile siphazanyiswe, loo nto yenze ukuba izinto zibhidane kube yiloo nto.
- Apha kubakho iimpazamo ezininzi kwizinto ezithethekayo nezenziwayo ezimthombo wazo usekubhidanisweni kwento ethile nenye.
- Isiyoliso Semikhwa Yoluntu (Comedy of Manners):
- Apha kuyoliswa ngokuthi kuhlekiswe ngendlela abantu abazibaxa ngayo izinto okanye iinkqubo ezibizwa ngokuba zezohlobo oluthile lwabantu, umzekelo izityebi ezityebe kuba zingoogqirha, iqela labantu abakhe baya kwiidolophu ezinkulu nemikhwa yabo njl njl. (Cinga ke apha ngolwimi abalusebenzisayo kunye nezinto abathatha ukuba banenyweba yokuzazi bodwa, yaye ezezabo bodwa. Yonke le nto inokubaxa okungaphaya kweqondo.)
- Isiyoliso Esinobuqhakra-qhakra (Sentimental Comedy):
- Kusetyenziswa nantoni na enokuhlekisa ababukeli/abafundi.
Ifasi (Farce)
- Ukuhleka kuziswa ziziganeko nabalinganiswa ababaxiweyo kakhulu yaye iziganeko ziyahlekisa esinye emva kwesinye.
- Kwenziwa izinto ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga, kukho izothuso kunye nezinto ezininzi ezenzeka ngebhaqo.
- Ukuba into leyo yinto enokwenzeka na okanye hayi, loo nto ayisiwa so kakhulu.
Isiyoliso Ntlekele
- Le yidrama engumxube wedrama ehlekisayo naleyo iyintlekele.
- Umoya uxubile kuthi kusekwimo ehlekisayo aphinde umbhali afake isiganeko esinxunguphalisayo.
- Isiphelo siba lusizi.
Ikloset Drama
- Yidrama eyenzelwe ukufundwa hayi ukuba ilinganiswe.
- Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezo zikanomathotholo.
- Ithatha imizuzu elishumi elinesihlanu kuphela.
- Kusetyenziswa isandi ubukhulu becala ukuzisa ubomi kulo mdlalo.
- Ifuna ubuchule obumangalisayo bokuzisa umfanekiso-ntelekelelo kuba kusebenza imizwa yokuva ngeendlebe kuphela (sense of hearing).
- Kubakho izinto eziyimiqobo ebangela ukuba ingalinganiswa eqongeni.
Umdlalo Kanomathotholo (Radio Play)
- Ngumdlalo obonwa ngeliso lomphefumlo hayi elenyama.
- Kusetyenziswa isandi nentshukumo ezivakalayo kuba abadlali okanye abalinganiswa ababoni ngeliso lenyama.
- Kusetyenziswa isandi ubukhulu becala ukuzisa ubomi kulo mdlalo.
- Ifuna ubuchule obumangalisayo bokuzisa umfanekiso-ntelekelelo kuba kusebenza imizwa yokuva ngeendlebe kuphela (sense of hearing).
- Akukho miqobo njengedrama yeqonga, apha abalinganiswa bangasiwa naphi na nanini na kusetyenziswa amazwi abo nesandi (esishicilelweyo).
Melodrama
- Yidrama apho iziganeko zibaxiwe khona ngakumbi ezimanyumnyezi (kubulawana okokoko).
- Iziganeko ezibambisa umphefumlo (breathtaking) zingajolisanga ekwakheni izimo zabalinganiswa. Umzekelo: iifilimu zamakhawuboyi, neethriller movies, ezamaTshayina.
- Ngenxa yokubaxwa kwezinto kuba lula ukuba loo nto iphinde iphanze.
- Abalinganiswa bayabaxwa kakhulu umzekelo balunge kakhulu okanye bakhohlakale ngokugqithileyo (bangabingobantu ngokwanelisayo).
- Ekupheleni kwawo lo mdlalo kunokuba yindyikityha yezidumbu ezigqithileyo zabafileyo, nenzwinini enkulu okanye isiphelo sinokuba sesincumisayo.
Umdlalo Ondimanye (One-Act Play)
- Iyazichaza indima yomdlalo inye umz ‘Amathunzi Obomi’ nguJJR Jolobe indima inye imiboniso iyi-8.
- Indawo eyenzeka kuyo ibali inye umz ‘endlwini kaMadlomo’.
- Yeyona midlalo ilinganiswa kakuhle eqongeni akubikho miqobo.
Idrama Yeqonga (Stage Play) Kwaye Nedrama Ye-opera
- Zombini zilungiselelwe iqonga, ifeedback ifumaneka kwangoko –ukuba ubunjani umdlalo.
- Zahlukile idrama ye-opera yona ikhatshwa ngumculo, ukanti eyeqonga ingenziwa ngaphandle komculo.
Umdlalo Oveza/Onika Ingxaki (Problem Play)
- Lo mdlalo ugomagomana, usompasompana nengxaki ethile, inokuba yeyasekuhlaleni okanye ekuziphatheni.
- Yonke le nto yenzelwa ukuba uluntu lucinge ngaloo mbandela.
- Kulo mdlalo kusoloko kumi umbuzo othile ngomba othile: ithini ke impendulo? Umbhali usenokuyinika ngokwakhe okanye ayithi ntlo nje ashiye apho.